The Contributions to the Western Civilization Essays

The Contributions toward the Western Civilization Essays The Contributions toward the Western Civilization Essay The Contributions toward the Western Civilization Essay The Contributions toward the western progress Ashley Stewart 5/1/11 Professor Hammond Strayer University The Hebrews, Greeks, and Romans, have made incredible commitments to build up the Western Civilization. The inheritance that they’ve left was religion, information, and government. The Hebrews contributed the strict angle, the Greeks contributed information and government, and the Romans contributed one must have a comprehension of the antiquated Greek culture, or, in all likelihood thought about overseeing strategies to Western Civilization. Its said that to comprehend our way of life uninformed. sherer44). The Hebrews formed the very center of Western Civilization. Creator Thomas Cahill has as of late delivered a chronicled account, The Gifts of the Jews, which investigates inside and out the commitments of early Judaism to the idea examples and social structure of present-day orders. A survey of his work expresses that Within the grid of old religions and ways of thinkin g, life was viewed as a component of an interminable pattern of birth and passing; time resembled a wheel, turning constantly. However some way or another the antiquated Jews started to see time in an unexpected way. For them, time had a start and an end; it was an account, whose triumphant end would come later on. From this knowledge came another origination, that of people as people with novel predeterminations an origination that would advise the Declaration regarding Independence and our cheerful faith in progress and the feeling that tomorrow can be superior to today. ( The West would not have been the equivalent without Jewish commitments that praised ideas, for example, supreme ethical quality, personal development, and the endeavoring to appreciate the powers that shape ones presence. These imaginative ideas allowed the Hebrews to suffer all through centuries of abuse and remote strength and change their state into todays Israel, one of the best ten countries on the planet regarding military may and monetary advancement. The Greeks was making provinces around the bank of Greece. /Instead of building the sections to be straight, they assembled them utilizing delicate bends causing everything to show up increasingly balanced. The two diverse compositional styles in old Greece were the Doric and Ionic. The soonest of the structures were planned in the Doric style, for example, the Parthenon. The Doric segments are somewhat tough yet plain. The ionic Columns were constructed more slender and increasingly rich. The highest points of them had a parchment like structure, in contrast to the level Doric style. Structures, for example, the Erechtheum and the little sanctuary of Athena were worked in the Ionic style. Its to the Greeks we owe for their compositional developments to western human progress The Greeks were exceptionally enthusiastic about sports. They invested wholeheartedly in the ideal human physical make-up: solid, fit, cut, effortless human bodies.

The Way Heany Uses the Theme of Nature to Achieve his Point in Poetry :: Papers

The Way Heany Uses the Theme of Nature to Achieve his Point in Poetry The way Heany utilizes the subject of nature to accomplish his point is by utilizing language, and gadgets. The sonnets I have found out about heany are an headway of Learning, and Death of a Naturalist. I will initially talk about a headway of learning. A headway of learning is about a kid who is frightened to cross a connect in light of the fact that they are rodents close to it. He has consistently had a fear of rodents since he was youthful on the grounds that over his bed in a ranch where he utilized to live rodents would go around in the roof directly over his head and makes interesting commotions. At long last one day he over comes them and discovers that there is not something to be apprehensive about subsequently the name of the title, an Headway of Learning. In the initial two refrains of the play he representations a loosening up picture utilizing the appalling nature. I considered the filthy keeled swans. The nature is likewise indicating that the spot is squalid and that he is standing admirably away from it. He likewise utilizing enjambment when he associates the first and second verse to show it is still moderate and tranquil language. Pliable, oil-cleaned, wearing A move of peaks and sky. Everything begins to change in the 3 verse. The language is presently moving quick since he is utilizing gadgets like similar sounding word usage and sound similarity. Something drooled briefly close, Smudging the quiet. my throat Sickened so rapidly. The words like sickened and rapidly go smooth together giving a quick language. Additionally the nature is messy and the nature makes us believe that something vile is coming out of the water. In the forward refrain the kid is running from the rodent and another rodent turns up so he is currently caught. The nature in this refrain just builds the offensiveness of the rodent. following its wet Arcs on the stones. In verse 5 heany utilizes a military word to show that the kid is in the

What Has Been The Impact Of Neo-liberalism On Employment Relations In

What Has Been The Impact Of Neo-liberalism On Employment Relations In What Has Been The Impact Of Neo-liberalism On Employment Relations In Australia Since 1990s â€" Essay Example > What Has Been the Impact of Neo-Liberalism on Employment Relations in Australia Since 1990s? Neo-liberalism has been defined as a set of economic policies whereby the control of economic factors has moved from the public sector and is now in the private sector. It is described as an economics and social studies approach that is based on the neoclassical theories of economics. Neo-liberalism can be explained as an approach to economics that emphasizes on relatively open markets, liberalized trade activities and the efficiency of the private sector enterprises (Plant 2009). Neo-liberalism seeks to promote how the private sector determines the economic and political priorities of a country. The principles proposed by neo-liberalism seek to promote a free market (laissez-faire) environment so as to encourage economic development. Neo-liberalism is concerned with pushing the government to make certain changes to the economic environment so as to promote fairness and ensure steady econo mic growth. Some of these changes include: limiting protectionism so as to open up markets to trade, support deregulation, limiting subsidies, broadening tax base by reforming tax laws, privatizing state-run corporations, reducing deficit spending, allowing private property and removing fixed exchange rates (Bell 2006). Employment relations can be explained as the body of work or practice that is concerned with maintaining useful relationships between the employer and the employers. Employment relations is concerned with promoting meaningful employee-employer relationships that are pertinent to productivity, morale and motivation. In essence, employment relations seeks to prevent and resolve problems that involve individuals at work and which can arise out of work situations or affect work situations. It resolves conflicts. Some of the main actors in employment relations include employees, employers, trade unions and the government (Bray 2009). Australia has experienced changes pol itically, economically and socially over the years. Politically, before the 1788, the shape of Australia has not always been what it is today. It was part of a great land known as Gondwanaland. It slowly drifted away and traces of civilization began to be seen with the Aborigines. Australian Aborigine culture slowly developed. Politics in Australia began when the British came to colonize the country from 1788-1900. Between 1901 and 2000, Australia experienced the post federation period. The political framework has since changed. Politics within Australia is today guided by a framework of parliamentary democracy. The electoral procedures have also changed to suit a two party system. This means that Australia is today governed as a constitutional monarchy and as a federation. Parliamentarians in Australia are elected into parliament by the citizens. Australia has six states and two major territories which hold elections after every four years. There are both major and minor politica l parties in Australia. Most recent political changes have seen women take up high political positions such as the current Prime Minister, Julia Gillard (Bell 2007). Socially, life in Australia has also experienced a lot of changes in the remote areas, the city, the suburbs and the regional towns. Social change has been brought by the government, social expectations, globalization and businesses. Statistics presented by the 2001 census report of Australia show that there have been many social and family life changes over the past few decades. There are very few people getting into formal marriages and the number of people divorcing has sky rocketed. Childlessness has greatly increased and more people are living alone than ever before. People are increasingly delaying marriage while others are not marrying at all. Divorce rates have hit a historical high. The average household capacity in Australia has shrunk drastically. Households are dominated by single parents, people living al one and childless couples. The proportion of women who have never had children has also increased to the highest levels since the 1930s. Critics have blamed moral decay and ‘selfishness’ for the declining birth rates and marriages and the increasing divorce rates (Plant 2009).

Early Childhood Education - 1635 Words

Early Childhood Education What kinds of activities have you used to provide the YOUNG children (preschool) with whom you have worked with the opportunity to solve problems of different kinds? I use puzzles often. Matching games are also effective. I also use interactive activities that include questions and answers with the students. If we are pretending to be animals, I might ask, what is an animal that begins with a K (I usually use letters that come from the students names). Then I might ask what kind of sound that animal makes and what kind of movement that animals has, such as a kangaroo, or a horse. There are times we will all do an activity together a few times and then I might pretend to need help at various points during the activity. This gives the kids the chance to identify and solve a problem that they (should) already know the answer to and provide them with the experience of a teaching moment. The idea is to present a variety of problems so that they use and develop a variety of approaches and skills. What methods and materials have you used to appeal to various learning styles and modalities? Were any of them particularly effective or ineffective? I use a variety of methods and materials with young children because it may not yet be clear what kind of learners they are and no one should be left out to develop at slower rates than others because of a lack of diversity in the teaching methods. Singing works very well. I sing a lot with my preschoolShow MoreRelatedThe Early Childhood Education Essay1728 Words   |  7 PagesKindergartens with the early childhood education society Aotearoa is a country that is bi-cultural yet multi-cultural. In the early childhood education sector there is a growing focus on diversity and achieving equality. 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Application Of The Nursing Staff At Dwu Virtual Hospital

In the nursing field change is a daily reality. The continuing improvements in health care mean that there are continually changing ways to provide health care. Anyone who has been in the nursing field for any amount of time is sure to have uttered the words â€Å"Do you remember when we used to†¦?† From a nursing point of view not all change is positive, and not all change is welcomed. Every change is however aimed at providing the best care and achieving the best possible outcome for the patient. This project will outline the process that will be used to introduce the nursing staff here at DWU Virtual Hospital to the change of implementing electronic medical records. Change Model Leaders have a selection of change theories to review†¦show more content†¦This plan will begin with smaller unit meetings led by the unit manager. Next, training sessions in virtual patient records will be led first by managers and then by peers. In the third and final stage the EMR will be implemented and all staff will be responsible for ensuring the proper use of the EMR. Change Plan Design To initiate the plan we will begin with the first stage of Lewins Theory, unfreezing. The unfreezing process is the process of creating a time frame for staff to become ready for the change (Huber, 2014). Management will need to inform staff of the upcoming change. This should be done in a small unit meeting with only the nurses and unit manager present. Keeping the meeting small will help prevent any feelings of being intimidated and will go along with the shared governance system recently instituted. In this meeting the manger will present researched facts regarding EMR implementations. Among these facts would be the fact that having an EMR will save time. Nursing staff will have access to all previous records and will no longer need to wait for other departments to obtain these records (Gagnon et al. 2010). Also having an EMR system encourages teamwork between the healthcare and support personnel in a facility (Gagnon et al. 2010). For example, nursing will be able to look at the radiology and lab schedule and coordinate with them on times for patient testing. During this meeting

War Effect on the Economy Free Essays

Shomoi Francis Mr. Joseph English 12 26 November 2012 War: Effect on Economy War has influenced economic history profoundly across time and space. Winners of wars have shaped economic institutions and trade patterns. We will write a custom essay sample on War: Effect on the Economy or any similar topic only for you Order Now Wars have influenced technological developments. Above all, recurring war has drained wealth, disrupted markets, and depressed economical growth. Wars are expensive (in money and other resources), destructive (of capital and human capital), and disruptive (of trade, resource availability, labor management). Large wars make up severe shocks to the economies of participating countries. Despite some positive aspects of short-term stimulation and long-term destruction and rebuilding, war generally impedes economic development and undermines wealth. Several specific economic effects of war recur across historical eras and locales. Next inflation, the most consistent short-term economic effect of war is to push up prices, and consequently to reduce living standards. This war-induced inflation was described in ancient China by the strategist Sun Tzu: â€Å"Where the army is, prices are high; when prices raise the wealth of the people is exhausted† (Tzu Sun, c. 00 BCE) His advice was to keep wars short and have the money in hand before assembling an army. Paying for wars is a central problem for states (see War Finance). This was especially true in early modern Europe (fifteenth to eighteenth centuries), when war relied heavily on mercenary forces. The king of Spain was advised that waging war required three things – money, money, and more money. Spain and Portugal imported silver and gold from America to pay for armies, but in such large quantities that the value of these metals eventually eroded. One way governments pay for war is to raise taxes (which in turn reduces civilian spending and investment). U. S. revolutionary Thomas Paine warned in 1787 that â€Å"war †¦ has but one thing certain, and that is to increase taxes. † Another way to pay for war is to borrow money, which increases government debt, but war-related debts can drive states into bankruptcy as they did to Spain in 1557 and 1596. A third way to fund war is to print more currency, which fuels inflation. Inflation thus often acts as an indirect ax on a national economy to finance war. Industrial warfare, and especially the two World Wars, created inflationary pressures across large economies. Increasingly, governments mobilized entire societies for war – conscripting labor, bidding up prices in markets for natural resources and industrial goods, and diverting capital and technology from civilian to military applications. World War I caused ruinous inflation as participants broke from the gold standard and issued currency freely. Inflation also accompanied the U. S. Civil War, World War II, and the Vietnam War, among others. War-induced inflation, although strongest in war zones, extends to distant belligerents, such as the United States in the World Wars, and, in major wars, even to neutral countries, owing to trade disruption and scarcities. Present-day wars continue to fuel inflation and drive currencies towards worthlessness. In Angola’s civil war (1975-2002), for example, the government currency became so useless that an alternative â€Å"hard† currency – bottles of beer – came to replace it in many daily transactions. In addition to draining money and resources from participants’ economies, most wars create zones of intense destruction of capital such as farms, factories, and cities. These effects severely depress economic output. The famine and plague that accompanied the Thirty Years’ War (1618-48) killed as much as one-third of Germany’s population, as mercenaries plundered civilians and civilians became mercenaries to try to survive. World War I reduced French production by nearly half, starved hundreds of thousands of Germans to death, and led to more than a decade of lower Soviet output. One estimate put World War I’s total cost at $400 billion – five times the value of everything in France and Belgium at the time. Battle casualties, war-induced epidemics, and other demographic disruptions have far-reaching effects. World War I contributed to the 1918 influenza epidemic that killed millions. Military forces in East Africa may have sparked the outbreak of what became a global AIDS epidemic. Quincy Wright estimates that â€Å"at least 10 percent of deaths in modern civilization can be attributed directly or indirectly to war† (Wright, 1942). The U. S. â€Å"baby boom† after World War II continues decades later to shape economic policy debates ranging from school budgets to social security. Wars also temporarily shake up gender relations (among other demographic variables), as when men leave home and women take war jobs to replenish the labor force, as in the Soviet Union, Britain, and the United States during World War II. Countries that can fight wars beyond their borders avoid the most costly destruction (though not the other costs of war). For example, the Dutch towards the end of the Thirty Years’ War, the British during the Napoleonic Wars, the Japanese in World War I, and the Americans in both World Wars enjoyed this relative insulation from war’s destruction, which meanwhile weakened their economic rivals. Also, just as wars’ costs and outcomes affect economic conditions and evolution, so too do economic conditions and evolution affect war. Causality runs in both directions. For example, Dutch economic strengths in the early 17th century allowed fast and cheap production of ships, including warships. The resulting naval military advantage in turn supported Dutch long-distance trade. The wealth derived from that trade, in turn, let the Netherlands pay and train a professional standing army, which successfully sheltered the Netherlands from the ruinous Thirty Years’ War. This protection in turn let the Dutch expand their share of world trade at the expense of war-scarred rivals. Thus the evolutions of warfare and of world economic history are intertwined. War is the proximal cause of the recurring inflationary spikes that demarcate 50-year â€Å"Kondratieff waves† in the world economy. Those waves themselves continue to be controversial. However, they may have some predictive value to the extent they clarify the historical relationships between war and military spending on the one hand, and inflation and economic growth on the other. The 1990s mainly followed a predicted long-wave phase of sustained low inflation, renewed growth, and reduced great-power military conflict. If this pattern were to continue, the coming decade would see continued strong growth but new upward pressures on military spending and conflict, eventually leading to a new bout of inflation in the great-power economies. Since scholars do not agree on the mechanism or even the existence of long economic waves, however, such projections are of more academic than practical interest. The relationship between military spending and economic growth has also generated controversy. Despite its pump-priming potential in specific circumstances, as during the 1930s, military spending generally acts to slow economic growth, since it diverts capital and labor from more productive investment (such as in roads, schools, or basic research). During the Cold War, high ilitary spending contributed (among other causes) to the economic stagnation of the Soviet Union and the collapse of North Korea, whereas low military spending relative to GDP contributed to Japan’s growth and innovation. During the 1990s, as real military spending worldwide fell by about one-third, the United States and others reaped a â€Å"peace dividend† in sustained expansion. However, effects of military spending are long-term, and sh arp reductions do not bring quick relief, as Russia’s experience since 1991 demonstrates. The global North-South divide – a stark feature of the world economy – is exacerbated by war. The dozens of wars currently in progress worldwide form an arc from the Andes through Africa to the Middle East and Caucasus, to South and Southeast Asia. In some of the world’s poorest countries, such as Sudan and Afghanistan, endemic warfare impedes economic development and produces grinding poverty, which in turn intensifies conflicts and fuels warfare. To conclude, you have read about the good and bad things of war effects on the economy. War has drained wealth, disrupted markets, and depressed economical growth. But, the winners of these wars often were rewarded from these wars. War is bad overall; I feel that war should be the last option for any country. Works Cited Washigntonsblog. â€Å"Proof that war is bad for the economy. † 24 Feb. 2012. http://www. washingtonsblog. com/2012/02/debunking-the-myth-that-war-is-good-for-the-economy-once-and-for-all. html. Symonds, Peter. â€Å"US wages over war†. 7 Oct. 2012. http://www. globalresearch. ca/us-wages-economic-war-on-iran/5307485. http://www. joshuagoldstein. com/jgeconhi. htm. upsky2. triod. com/science/economics/waraffectseconomy. html. Www, joshuagoldstein. com/igeconhi. htm. How to cite War: Effect on the Economy, Essay examples

Life of a Skier free essay sample

There is no better experience in the world than racing unrestricted down mountains in some of the most majestic places on the planet. Skiing can sum up my life. It has been a part of me for as long as I can remember, and I can best relate my personality and attitude to the sport. Skiing has not only provided me with a great workout that I can enjoy with my closest friends and family, but also a way to learn life lessons that I can apply to my everyday goals. A trained skier like myself will master the difficulty that the mountain offers as well as all that life throws at us. Skiing is so unique to me because I see the way the mountain is constructed, and I am able to arrange this placement and relate it to my life situations. In skiing, you can take the easy way or the hard way. We will write a custom essay sample on Life of a Skier or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Either way, you are going to get to the bottom. What sets the paths apart is the feeling of accomplishment at the end of the day. The easy trails can be fun and enjoyable, but I ask myself as an experienced skier, was I really testing my skills? There is no obstacle or challenging terrain in taking the easy way, and I cannot claim in the end that I pushed myself. This directly correlates to my life. I can either challenge my abilities that I have been blessed withathleticism, determination, drive and wisdomand use them to expand my character, or I can coast through life and get things handed to me. Both ways I will be living my life, but I want to look back and feel proud of what I have done. I want to reflect on my life, like I look back on a great day of skiing, and know that what I did was worth something, and that I pushed my body and my mind to its utmost limits. The comical and sometimes frustrating aspect of the ski mountain is that it allows all types of skiers to participate. On only one trial I can come across various styles and differently skilled skiers, with which I must cooperate to reach our end goal, the bottom of the slope. Being more experienced, I have a certain responsibility to protect myself and others on the mountain. I cannot expect someone with lower abilities than me to perform the same things that I can. I can see this situation happening to me in my life, where I am asked to work with others who do not have the same abilities as me, but we have to work together as a team nonetheless. The mountain requires that I act with patience and compassion. These values that have been shaped and mastered from skiing I have applied to my encounters with others, which is why I find skiing so beneficial. The payoff of hard work is truly learned and valued as an avid skier. I am frequently faced with the challenge to work hard on the mountain, especially on the difficult terrain to which I subject myself. I learn how to tackle the hard work ahead of me with a predetermined game plan, and I have come to value the joy of overcoming the obstacles. Knowing that your hard work has resulted in surmounting a tough challenge is very rewarding. My main goal as a skier is learning the skills to conquer any terrain on the mountain. In this process I come face to face with terrain that requires me to dig deep and face my fears. Surely this discipline on the mountain has rubbed off, because I find myself not afraid to attempt a challenge that others may find daunting. I trust my skills, and I know that â€Å"the only thing to fear is fear itself†. It is imperative that skiers learn to overcome fears that impede them from skiing down the terrain. I can confidently say that with the hard wor k I have put in I have conquered my fears on and off the slopes. I hold myself to a very high standard when it comes to work ethic and self-success, and I can attribute this to skiing. I don’t settle for the easy trails, yet rather push my mind and body to face challenges that I know will leave me feeling accomplished in the end. Skiing is an aspect of my life that I cherish, for I know that is has molded me into a more loving, compassionate and diligent man.

WILLIAM EDWARD BURGHARDT DU BOIS Essays - , Term Papers

WILLIAM EDWARD BURGHARDT DU BOIS (1868-1963) Author, journalist, social reformer, activist, poet, philosopher, and educator W.E.B. Du Bois wielded one of the most influential pens in African-American history. For sixty-six years he functioned not only as a mentor, model, and spokesman for generations of black Americans but also as the conscience of black and white Americans alike who yearned for racial equality and social justice. Born in 1868 during the painful period of Reconstruction, Du Bois was graduated from Fisk University in 1888 and went on to earn a Ph.D. from Harvard in 1895 before entering the worlds of academe and activism. Using Atlanta University as his base from 1897-1910, he opposed Booker T. Washington's educational views as too limiting, preferring to organize young black intellectuals in the Niagara Movement. In 1909 he founded the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People and in 1910 launched its historic magazine, THE CRISIS. During this period he also published his classic tre atise, THE SOULS OF BLACK FOLK (1903), the best known of many passionate and well-argued philosophical and sociological studies of his race, which also included THE PHILADELPHIA NEGRO, JOHN BROWN, THE GIFT OF BLACK FOLK, BLACK RECONSTRUCTION, COLOR AND DEMOCRACY: COLONIES AND PEACE. Harlem Renaissance & THE CRISIS At the height of the Harlem Renaissance Du Bois was a familiar presence in New York. A prime mover in that fast-paced, exciting cultural explosion, Du Bois extended a helping hand to many of his younger colleagues, publishing in the pages of THE CRISIS the best poetry and prose of African-American writers, among them Langston Hughes, who dedicated THE NEGRO SPEAKS RIVERS to Du Bois. Through the N.A.A.C.P. Du Bois was also instrumental in creating opportunities for intellectual and artistic advancement for blacks and ways of rewarding and encouraging excellence, notably his collaboration with the Spingarns in creating the prestigious nedals which bear that family's name til l today. He published a novel, DARK PRINCESS, in 1928, and he continued to edit THE CRISIS from 1910-1934 until he began to reject the conservatism of the N.A.A.C.P.'s political views. Du Bois' gradual radicalization paralleled that of a number of other black intellectuals and artists, Langston Hughes and Paul Robeson prominently among them. He embraced leftist ideology, was awarded the Lenin Peace Prize in 1958 and formally joined the Communist Party in 1961. In the last year of his life he moved to Ghana and took citizenship in that nation. His memoirs, DUSK OF DAWN, written in 1940, and his posthumously published three volumes of CORRESPONDENCE constitute not only a personal history but also the autobiography of a race in their proud ascent from slavery to freedom and in their courageous quest for equality--a struggle which Du Bois had once described as an unending battle against the forces of hell. From W.E.B. Du Bois' THE SOULS OF BLACK FOLK, (Chapter IV: THE SORROW SONGS) "They that walked in darkness sang songs in the olden days--Sorrow Songs--for they were weary at heart. And so before each thought that I have written in this book I have set a phrase, a haunting echo of these weird old songs in which the soul of the black man spoke to men. Ever since I was a child these songs have stirred me strangely. They came out of the South unknown to me, one by one, and yet at once I knew them as of me and mine. Then in the years when I came to Nashville I saw the great temple builded of these songs towering over the pale city. To me Jubilee Hall seemed ever made of the songs themselves, and its bricks were red with the blood and dust of toil. Out of them rose for morning, noon, and night, bursts of wonderful melody, full of the voices of my brothers and sisters, full of the voices of the past...... The songs are indeed the siftings of centuries; the music is far more ancient than the words... Your country? How came it yours? Before the Pilgrims landed we were here. Here we brought our three gifts and mingled them with yours: a gift of story and of song--soft, stirring melody in an ill-harmonized and unmelodious land; the gift of

Womens Role England 1558- 1667 essays

Womens Role England 1558- 1667 essays Lawrence Stone in 1979 claimed that during 1558-1667 change in the family structure (impacting women) was the most important social change in 1,000 years. Further historical research has now discredited this theory. The years 1558- 1667 are largely characterised by continuity rather than change and the lifestyle of women did not change markedly. Alan Macfarlanes research suggests that structures and roles had not changed since 1300. There was a social continuity through the whole pre-industrial era in England, where women had an inferior status to men. In 1617 William Whately in a wedding sermon pronounced, The whole duty of a wife is referred to by two heads. The first is to acknowledge her inferiority; the next was to carry herself as inferior. He was not being provocative, but simply stating common knowledge and practice. Throughout the period this difference between the two sexes was a fundamental principle upon which society was constructed. This is the main historical context in terms of analysing the role of women. However, there were occasions of major upheaval that saw disruptions and some changes, albeit not lasting ones. One can also view the issue in context of social class which influenced particular womens lives. A predominant feature of England 1558-1667 saw social continuity and a patriarchal society from the middle ages, where women had a subordinate status to men and who encountered many restrictions. Women originated from Adam, a man. Therefore they were inferior to men. People of this time were very religious and believed that women were weaker physically, intellectually and morally. This view started when Eve persuaded Adam to eat the forbidden fruit in the Garden of Eden. Women could not hold office in the protestant church, which was made stronger by removing nunneries. Under common law, married women (feme covert) had no rights. Women moved from the contr...

Contemporary Issues for Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Contemporary Issues for Business - Essay Example Globalization has its own advantages and curses. With the help of globalization countries can share their surplus resources with the other countries. It creates a sense of unity in global arena. On the other hand globalization has its own negatives. Due to globalizations, countries which are having weak economy are significantly over dependent upon economically strong countries. Here in this case of Ukraine crisis, two economic super powers are fighting among each other and are imposing bans and trade sanctions. All these bans and trade sanctions have very serious consequences for the global fraternity. Economically weak countries which are highly dependent upon strong countries feel the pressure significantly. With the help of this essay economic consequences caused by the various trade sanctions related with Ukraine crisis will be evaluated. The essay will analyze all the critical factors in a detailed fashion. The above picture is indicating that, various nations across the world do high level business with Russia as far as the food and agricultural exports are concern. In fact the country which is taking some proactive measures to impose sanction upon Russia i.e. US also does almost $1.6 billion food and agricultural business with Russia. It means economies of all these countries are significantly dependent upon the export. So there is no shadow of doubt that there are high negative economic consequences on the above shown countries. Especially European Union is the highest exporter of food and agricultural products to Russia. Trade sanctions have most adverse economic consequences on the EU economy only. Due to all the trade sanctions EU and other nations as well are deprived of foreign currency. Generally EU exports almost â‚ ¬11.9bn agricultural products to Russia. The ban can reduce almost â‚ ¬5.3bn business. It

Global Skills and Global Knowledge Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Global Skills and Global Knowledge - Essay Example The new insights gained from learning the French culture and language equipped me with the basic skills to increase the possibility of living in Europe and enable me to communicate with others using their language. Further, by reinforcing learning the dimensions of culture, I was able to acquire a better edge from other people of the same qualifications as mine, but without the knowledge of speaking French. Through learning intricate details of the French culture, I was fortunate to have shared interesting facts that could improve communication, interpersonal relationships and possible entry to global organizations from that country, in particular, if given the right opportunity. To reiterate, I enrolled in a French for travel class that provided basic theoretical guidelines on grammar, syntax and frequently used statements for daily communication. In doing so, proficiency in French was initially gained. With regular practice and continued study in higher class modules, I am sure tha t I would be highly proficient in the language. These skills could be applied in future plans to either live or work in Europe. The basic communication skills of learning French would be used for relevant correspondences: both speaking and writing, as one envisions working with a global organization, either in France, or with branches in Europe. As a result of learning a third language, I gained more competence and confidence to communicate with people from France or from other French speaking countries.

History of the Rule of Law

History of the Rule of Law Law Society Rule The question of the purpose of the rule of law and how the boundaries should be drawn between moral judgement and the need to maintain a basic level of order within a society has been asked, over the centuries, by many eminent theorists from the legal, political and philosophical world. Several different opinions have emerged with varying degrees of agreement, with the concept that the rule of law is the law and we must obey it, regardless of how unjust the rules may appear. Although the exact meaning of the rule of law has been interpreted in different ways by the various different theorists, the very basic principle that the rule of law means that no individual is above the law seems to hold in all interpretations. In England, the prime example of the rule of law is the Magna Carter in which King John agreed to abide by the feudal laws and the placing of limits on fees relating to feudal land. What is the Rule of Law? Before considering whether or not the rule of law consists merely of a body of rules or whether there is more to the way in which the rule of law is applied, it is first necessary to consider exactly what is meant by the ‘rule of law’. Dicey was not, in fact, responsible for the birth of the rule of law, but was instrumental in bringing it into the public arena for debate and consideration. He contended that the rule of law was made up of three key principles. Firstly, that an individual has the freedom to act in any way he so wishes without punishment provided it is not in breach of any law. This gives supremacy to the rule of law over any other arbitrary act of power that is not backed in law. Secondly, that no one is above the law meaning that every subject, regardless of stature, can be held accountable to the law and punished in the courts of the land. Thirdly, that the rule of law is based on the collective rights of all individuals. Essentially, this means that the courts will enforce individual rights on a collective basis to all subjects within its jurisdiction. This basic concept has been somewhat extended in recent years, most notably by Lord Bingham in his lecture given on 16 November 2006 to Cambridge University where he put forward eight sub-rules that should be seen as part of the overall rule of law. These were that firstly, the law should be available and understandable to all it governs, based on the premise that if someone is to be governed by a law they should be able to understand it fully. Secondly, that when faced with the decision of liability or accountability, the law should be used without so far as is possible the use of discretion. Thirdly, that the law in the way in which it is applied should be equal and universal to all. He did, however, recognise that at times it would be necessary for some individuals to be treated differently. Fourthly, that any law must provide a basic level of protection for all fundamental human rights, to every subject, regardless of circumstances. Fifthly, where there is a civil dispute that cannot be resolved, the parties should have access to cost effective and efficient means of dealing with the dispute. Sixthly, that all members of government or officers of the government should act in good faith when carrying out their law enforcement duties and should not act outside of their individual powers. Seventhly, that any adjudicative process should be fair and transparent in the way it arrives at decisions. Finally, the state has to consider its obligations to international law when complying with any national rule of law. In essence, the rules laid out by L Bingham are not substantially different from those laid out by Dicey; they are merely more detailed regarding the way in which the laws should be applied. This offers greater guidance on the subject of what an individual should do when faced with a seemingly unjust law. It also gives greater insight into the way in which the rule of law should be viewed, generally, and applied in relation to other political, religious and moral frameworks. Application of the Rule of Law Having understood the basic principles of what the rule of law contains, it is then necessary to move forward to consider how this applies and actually works, in practice, in relation to society as a whole. Again, this area has drawn attention from some of the great legal theorists of all time and has, in some cases, been hotly debated. One of the fundamental ideas laid down by Dicey is that the government has no greater authority in terms of the way in which it is viewed in the courts. The rule of law clearly indicates that the government must have restraints and cannot simply act in any arbitrary way that it pleases. This has been borne out in several court cases including the early case of Entick v Carrington where it was held that the warrant a Home Secretary had issued to enter a privately owned property was against the law and, therefore, the government was guilty of trespass. Theorists from the very early stages have recognised that there is a need for some central rule to control all individuals. Not to have any central law would, almost certainly, result in anarchy. In its earliest format, the need for a rule of law was established by Plato and Aristotle where they recognised the need for at least a degree of rule or there would be complete anarchy within society. Without any form of law or rule the stronger and more cunning would effectively make the most of their position by exploiting the weak. It is almost universally accepted that someone needs to take overall control of a way that maintains democracy and prevents the weak from being exploited. For this central control to work, the power needs to be vested in some political and legislative authority. Aristotle, in particular, recognised the importance of the role of this central figure. He debated at length whether this central control should be the rule of law or rule of men. His eventual conclusion was that a rule of law was necessary and that the central figure had to be in the form of some higher governmental authority. He concluded that a rule of law was essential as laws are produced as a result of reason and thought and not based on pure passion. Moreover, having one individual leader can clearly lead to tyranny or self-serving actions. As the rules need to govern every adult individual, each individual should have a say in how these rules are established. Finally, a rotation of those in charge of the rule of law is desirable to ensure equality throughout. For these reasons, Aristotle concluded that a rule of law, operated in a democratic manner, is essential to ensure that rules are consistent and not arbitrary in the way they are both established and maintained. Encroachment on the Rule of Law Despite the universal recognition that the rule of law is both desirable and essential for the effective operation and governance of society, there have been several encroachments on the traditional rule of law. There is a body of thought that suggests the government has made several moves to encroach on the individual’s liberties. One of the most notable of these is the removal of the right to a trial by jury in certain limited circumstances. In doing so, it is argued that the equality and fairness of the system is lost. Individuals are not judged by their peers but are instead dictated to by a higher authority. Another area that has faced criticism is the way in which the secret service operates and, in particular, the Official Secrets Act and related gagging orders that have been put on certain individuals. Clive Ponting, who was a civil servant during the Falklands War, was gagged and prevented from speaking about the activities of the government, during this time. It is argued that this encroachment on individual liberties, to the extent that it is necessary to protect the greater good, should not be seen as a breaking of the overall essence of the rule of law. Although these governmental powers are seen as overpowering the individual’s rights, it is also argued that these encroachments would not in the normal course of daily activities come into contact with these encroachments. Similarly, it is also argued that governmental bodies such as the secret services are overseen by independent bodies and, therefore, are not able to act in a way that is arbitrary or discriminatory. Based on this, it can be concluded that whilst the rule of law is sometimes bent to accommodate the needs of the public as a whole, it cannot be carried out in an arbitrary way. Further, there are checks and balances in place to make sure that no single body exercises too much power over another. The Role of Customs One element of the rule of law which has to be considered when determining how the rules are established and how general customs should be dealt with in the creation of such laws is that of customary practice. This is particularly difficult as customs vary depending on regions, religions and even social classes and are therefore very difficult to control or legislate to take account of. Nevertheless, it should be noted that customs do not create laws, as such; they are simply used by judges when applying the law, which can at times result in an arbitrary application of customs in relation to the rule of law. In order to be recognised as a law, a custom must meet very stringent tests including the fact that it must have existed since ‘time immemorial’, i.e. it must have been in existence since at least 1189 (in accordance with a statute enacted in 1275). The custom must also be certain in terms of scope and application. The case of Wilson v Willes held the customary right to remove as much turf as was necessary from the manor common land. It was held that this custom was not sufficiently certain to be considered a valid law, as it was not clear what limits there were on the amount of turf. Other requirements include the locality of the custom as customs are only ever applied on a local and not national basis. They must have been consistently exercised and exercised as a right rather than an irregular whim. In short, the recognition of a custom as a legal rule is only applied in extreme circumstances and provided that it does not conflict with an existing law. The Role of Morality As established as early on as Aristotle’s works, the rule of man or general morality cannot be relied upon to provide the basis of legal structure for all individuals. Everyone has a different idea of what constitutes moral behaviour; to allow every individual to follow their own moral code would result in chaos and disorder. Whilst everyone has their own moral standards, most individuals recognise that there is a need for universal laws, even if they do not always fall in line with their own moral judgments. The difficulty comes when there is no apparent overall benefit to the law in question. For example, where the act does not harm another and there is seemingly no common purpose then, under the rule of law, there should be no law preventing such actions. This has been the case with homosexuality which is now not considered to be illegal. There are other activities that are thought of as illegal but not immoral, by some at least, such as driving over the speed limit, smoking marijuana or filing a false tax return. It is clear that although law and morality are interlinked, they are not directly and inextricably thought of as one. Despite this, individuals, on the whole will recognise that there is a need for a legal system and will consider it moral to follow these rules even if they do not fully agree with them. Are Unjust Laws, Laws at all? This differentiation between law and morality leads us to consider the ultimate question of whether the rule of law requires individuals to follow the law, even if it is manifestly unjust. Are individuals in fact obliged not to obey rules that they see as unjust as stated by Martin Luther King when he wrote from his jail cell in Birmingham, Alabama, stating ‘one has a moral responsibility to disobey unjust laws’? Where an individual is governed by the rule of law but decides to break one of these laws as he views them as unjust, provided he accepts the resulting responsibility it can be said that he maintains his adherence to the rule of law. The rule of law states that he should be dealt with fairly and expediently and, therefore, spans a much greater remit than simply setting down the laws that must be followed. As stated by Dworkin, simply because the rule seems to be unjust does not give any individual the right to believe that it is a law at all. It does, however, give individuals the right to be dealt with fairly if they choose not to follow such a rule. Conclusions The rule of law is an essential part of any democratic society. A central set of rules that everyone must follow is required to prevent arbitrary rule and, ultimately, total anarchy. Having said this, the rule of law does not simply lay down a set of rules and apply them tyrannically. The rule of law has a much wider scope and considers how the laws should be applied and adapted to deal with societal changes and local customs. It is this overall framework of rules tainted with a degree of political and judicial discretion that makes the rule of law an ongoing success in dealing with the vagaries of human nature. Bibliography Aristotle, Ethics Book V, in K.S. Chukkol, ‘Enforcement of Judgements Against Public Officers and the Institutions and the Rule of Law’, in Ayua (ed.), Law, Justice and the Nigerian Society (NIALS, Lagos 1995) p. 61 David Brink, ‘Legal Positivism and Natural Law Reconsidered’ (1985) The Monist 68 364–387 Ronald Dworkin, Taking Rights Seriously (paperback ed., Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Mass. 1978) John Finnis, Natural Law and Natural Rights (Clarendon Press, Oxford 1980) Lon Fuller, The Morality of Law (revised ed., Yale University Press, New Haven London 1969) Robert George (ed.), Natural Law Theory: Contemporary Essays (Clarendon Press, Oxford 1992) Matthew Kramer, ‘On the Moral Status of the Rule of Law’ (2004) Cambridge Law Journal 63: 65

New System Proposal Essay

I feel that a business requirement would drive the projects creation and use because this will help the company, business, or organization deliver to provide value. There are many ways such has products, systems, software, and processes are the ways how to deliver or meet the business requirement. First you would need to set some goals for the business, company, or organization these needs need to be visualiable to the eye. So everyone can see them. Secondly you would need to come up with some proposals on how the company, business, or organization will meet the goal that they have set. You and the team should set an agenda to work on so you and the team can have the proper documentation for the goals that you have made for the business, company, or organization. Always notify the proper people about the goals that you set , that way no one can say that they did not know about the goals.Always leave room for feedback from others in your requirements and a flowchart that will be good to have to present along with the requirements, People get a better understanding of what is being said if they have something to look at, this will show what is expected and what have been achieve. But always keep in mind that different projects requirement call for different requirements example small projects are usually simple and easy to create, large projects may need extra care and mastery to be able to present a quality requirement.There are four prerequisites the first is the project charter and second is the current environment assessment which should include a start and end point, level two and three process functions, define areas of rework and non value added steps, cycle time capacity and rework information for each process step as available and baseline for each CTO for the current environment. Third is the measure phrase the the current measures that includes a definition of how the product services characteric is to be quantified target/nominal is the aim of the ser vices specification limits is what the customer will allow in the delivery of services or product of service. Allowable defect rate is how often a service or product will be produce for a business, company, or organazation. Fourth is the target environment assessment that has the following categories people, systems, systems/people and fishbone. The business requirement can be a success or a failure for your business, company, or organization that depends on how work to succeed with the goals that you made in order for your business, company, or organization . Who makes goals and not strive for success. Reference en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Business-requirement. docs.oracle.com/cd/E19199-01/817-5759/bus-analysis.html.

Looking Glass Self Essay

Good observation!!! What is acceptable in one group is not always acceptable in another. Therefore, you change your appearance based on what you what others to think about you. The others’ perceived judgment about your style makes you change your style depending upon the group. Directions: Answer the Pre-Reading questions using Chapter 5 Section 2 Guided Reading Notes. When finished, read the article The Looking Glass Self: Who Holds Our Reflections. Read the short article and answer the Guided Reading questions. Finally, write a response to the journal activity. Pre-Reading: 1. According to Charles Horton Cooley, how do people develop their personality? People develop their personality by imaging how people see self. 2. What are the steps in this process? Looking-Glass Self†¦ how we appear to others, other’ reactions toward you and finally you have to conceder such perspective from other’ The Looking Glass Self; Who Holds Our Reflections? An interesting discussion is about the theory of the Looking Glass Self by Charles Horton Cooley. Cooley thought that an individual and society do not exist separately, but rather the individual is the product society and society is the product of the individual. There are three parts to the concept; how a person thinks the other(s) perceives him, how the person thinks the other(s) judges that perception, and the reaction of the person to the assumed perceptions and judgments. I can imagine what a group of diverse people sitting around discussing this may argue, both for and against the theory. What a lively debate it could be, mixing young and old, liberal and conservative, and experienced and inexperienced into the same group. Ah, how many of those individuals, I wonder, would have dressed to convey an image to the others, would speak in certain manners in order to impress or distress, or would consider what the importance of their statements would have upon the other group members? At first, the theory seems to explain that each person is no more than a reflection of society. More realistically, the theory means we are products of our cultures, our physical surroundings, and the human beings with whom we associate. Generally, I think it can be agreed, most people want to fit into society in some manner. And to fit in means to obey some of the rules of the group to which we belong, or want to belong. Considering everyone wants to fit in somewhere, people we surround ourselves with have a great influence on who we become. The type of people that we associate with differs through the various stages of our lives; the drinking buddies we may have had in our early twenties may not be the same people we want as godparents for our children. The people from Church are probably not the people we would invite to a bachelor party. And so, as we grow older, what type of people should we associate with? What reflections of ourselves do we want to nurture? It depends on how each of us view the process of aging, what and when is â€Å"old age† to each of us, do we plan to â€Å"go gently into the night† or will we remain active in and throughout the middle and latter stages of life, just as we did in our physical youth? There are no wrong answers, merely different ways for different people. Simply being aware of the influences others have on us is important. In that way, we can more actively choose those from whom we are reflected, and be mindful of how we react to others, as reflections of who they are. Guided Reading 1. What are three examples given of step one at the end of the second paragraph? Or, how do people project their image to be judged? Dress up to convey others image, speak in certain way and what is the importance of their statement. 2. How do we become members of a group? We should adapt the social member. 3. While our surroundings shape us, what choice do we have as individuals upon our personality development? We can choice people or group that we should be affected by. For example, if I want to be healthy, I should not hang out with people who drink alcohols. Post-Reading Journal Response: Below explain a personal example about a time in your life where you experienced the Looking Glass Self. What was your imagined appearance? What were people’s reactions? How did the perceived reactions make you feel about yourself? I have two nationalities when I was born because my parents are Japanese (my father) and Thai (my mother). That means I have international family, so that I have more opportunities to interact among different nationality. When I dress up or set my hairstyle like Japanese which I think very cool style, my Thai relative, such as grandpa and grandma, looks me strangely because they does know Japanese style. It is not just only my relative but also my friends sometimes. Since there are different perspective between Japanese and Thai, I have to adapt my looks due to who I meet.

What Color Was Alexander the Greats Hair